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What Real Estate Agents Invoice For

Real estate agents bill multiple parties for different types of work:

  • Sales commission — invoiced to the brokerage or directly to the client at completion. Usually a percentage of sale price.
  • Letting commission — for rental placement, typically one month's rent or a percentage of annual rent
  • Referral fees — when you refer a client to another agent and receive a share of their commission
  • Marketing reimbursements — staging, photography, drone, listing portals, print materials
  • Property management fees — monthly percentage of collected rent, plus inspection or tenancy renewal fees
  • Consulting or valuation fees — for advisory work not tied to a sale

Commission Invoice Essentials

  • Property address — the subject of the commission
  • Sale or completion date
  • Sale price and commission percentage shown clearly
  • Net commission, broken out from any third-party costs to be deducted
  • VAT / sales tax applied to your commission, not to the property sale price
  • Buyer or seller name for matching
  • Brokerage reference if you are billing through a brokerage

For dual agency or shared commissions, list the split clearly so all parties have an audit trail.

Tax Treatment of Real Estate Commissions

Commission is generally treated as taxable service income, not as a share of the property sale. This means VAT/GST applies to your fee:

  • EU: VAT applies to agent commission (typically the standard rate, 19–22%). The property transaction itself may be VAT-exempt or subject to different transfer taxes.
  • UK: 20% VAT on estate agency services if registered. Residential property transactions are generally VAT-exempt, but your commission is not.
  • US: Commission is ordinary income. Sales tax usually does not apply to real estate services, but check state rules.

Frequently Asked Questions

Do I invoice the buyer or the seller?

Depends on the agreement. In most countries the seller pays the agent commission for sales, while the tenant or landlord pays for lettings. The party paying signs the agency agreement upfront — your invoice goes to whichever party is contractually liable.

How do I handle referral fees on an invoice?

Issue a separate invoice for the referral fee to the referring agent or brokerage. Reference the underlying property and completion date. The referral fee is your taxable service income — apply VAT/GST as you would to commission.

Should marketing costs be on the same invoice as commission?

Yes if they are reimbursable expenses, but list them as separate line items: "Property photography — £350", "Listing on Rightmove — £180", "Commission — 1.5% of £450,000 = £6,750". Keeps the breakdown transparent for the client.

How quickly should I invoice after a sale completes?

Within 1–3 days of completion. Brokerages and clients expect prompt invoicing post-completion. Late invoicing creates cash flow problems and can complicate end-of-year accounting.

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