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Typical IT Consulting Billing Models

  • Managed services retainer — fixed monthly fee for a defined scope (X workstations, Y servers, business-hours support)
  • Block of hours — prepaid pool of support hours, drawn down monthly
  • Project work — fixed fee for infrastructure migrations, deployments, audits
  • Ad-hoc hourly — billed per call or per ticket, no retainer commitment
  • Emergency / out-of-hours rate — premium for after-hours work
  • Hardware and software pass-through — at cost or with a small handling markup

Invoice Line Item Best Practices

  • Reference the contract or SOW — many corporate clients require a PO number
  • Distinguish in-scope vs out-of-scope work — clients need to see when extras start incurring extra charges
  • Use ticket / case numbers for ad-hoc work — easier reconciliation
  • List hardware and licences separately — they often have different VAT treatment and reimbursement rules
  • Include the billing period for retainers and time-based work

Tax and Cross-Border IT Services

IT consulting is taxable service income. For cross-border B2B services within the EU, reverse charge applies — no VAT charged, both VAT numbers shown, note "VAT reverse charge — Article 196 EU VAT Directive". For software licences sold cross-border, B2C digital services rules may apply (OSS). US-based IT consultants generally do not charge sales tax on services, but some states (e.g., certain digital services in TX, NY) have specific rules.

Frequently Asked Questions

How should I bill software licences I procure for clients?

Two approaches: (1) Pass through at cost — list as a line item at the supplier price. (2) Bundle with a handling fee — list at supplier price + a small markup or a separate "procurement fee" line. Either is acceptable; just be transparent with the client in the engagement letter.

Do I need a PO number for every invoice?

For enterprise clients, almost always — their accounts payable team will not process an invoice without a PO. Ask in advance and add it to your invoice notes or a dedicated field. Smaller clients usually don't use POs.

How do I bill emergency / out-of-hours work?

Apply your out-of-hours rate (commonly 1.5× or 2× standard) and list it as a separate line item — e.g., "Out-of-hours support — Saturday 22:00–01:00 — 3h @ £150/h = £450". Document the incident reference so the client can review.

What is the typical payment term for IT consulting?

Net 30 is standard for B2B. Some enterprise clients push for Net 45 or Net 60. Negotiate this in the contract and state the agreed term clearly on every invoice with a specific due date.

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